Changes in vision are almost inevitable as we age. You may find yourself struggling to read small print, needing more light to see clearly, or noticing a gradual decline in sharpness. While these shifts are often part of the natural ageing process, it’s essential to recognise when vision problems may signal something more serious. Cataracts, a common eye condition among older adults, can cause significant vision impairment if left untreated. But how do you differentiate between normal age-related vision changes and the early signs of cataracts?
Understanding age-related vision changes
As we grow older, various changes occur in our eyes. The lenses become less flexible, making it harder to focus on objects up close – a condition known as presbyopia. You may also experience a reduced ability to see in dim light and increased sensitivity to glare. These changes, though inconvenient, are not necessarily harmful and can often be managed with glasses or better lighting.
However, when vision becomes persistently blurry, cloudy, or dimmer even with glasses on, it could point to the development of cataracts. Like general age-related changes, cataracts progressively worsen over time and can significantly impact daily life.
Recognising the difference between presbyopia and cataracts early on can help you take the necessary steps to optimise your vision.
What are cataracts?
A cataract occurs when the eye’s natural lens becomes cloudy, affecting its ability to focus light onto the retina. This clouding occurs due to the breakdown of proteins in the lens and leads to impaired vision. Cataracts develop gradually, and many people do not notice the symptoms until the condition starts to affect their everyday activities.
The risk of developing cataracts increases with age, but other factors such as prolonged exposure to UV rays, smoking, diabetes, and certain medications can contribute to their formation. If left untreated, cataracts can lead to significant vision loss. In the elderly, it can contribute to a greater risk of falls and injury. This makes it sensible to detect cataracts and manage them once vision is starting to be impaired.
Signs that it might be cataracts
Blurry vision is one of the earliest symptoms of cataracts, but it is not the only one. If you experience any of the following signs, it may be time to consult an eye specialist:
- Clouded or dim vision: Objects appear foggy or lack contrast.
- Increased sensitivity to light: Bright lights may cause discomfort or glare.
- Difficulty seeing at night: Driving at night becomes challenging due to poor visibility and glare from headlights.
- Faded colours: Colours may appear duller than before.
- Frequent changes in prescription glasses: If you need to update your glasses frequently, it could be a sign of cataract progression. This occurs because the refractive index of the lens changes when a cataract forms.
- Double vision in one eye: Unlike double vision caused by neurological issues, cataract-induced double vision affects only one eye.
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is essential to have your eyes examined by an ophthalmologist. Early diagnosis can prevent further deterioration and allow for timely treatment options.
When is cataract surgery necessary?
Cataracts do not always require immediate surgery. In the early stages, lifestyle adjustments, stronger prescription glasses, and better lighting can help manage symptoms. However, when cataracts start interfering with daily activities such as reading or driving, surgery becomes the most effective solution.
Cataract surgery in Singapore is a safe and highly successful procedure. It involves removing the clouded lens and substituting it with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). The surgery is typically performed as a day procedure with minimal downtime, allowing most patients to resume their normal activities shortly after. Many people experience a dramatic improvement in their vision, regaining clarity and brightness they had lost over the years.
Preventing cataract progression
While cataracts cannot always be prevented, certain lifestyle choices can help slow their development:
- Wear UV-protective sunglasses: Prolonged sun exposure accelerates cataract formation.
- Maintain a healthy diet: Consuming antioxidant-rich foods like leafy greens and fish high in omega-3 fatty acid supports eye health.
- Manage chronic conditions: Keeping diabetes and high blood pressure under control reduces the risk of cataracts.
- Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption: Both contribute to oxidative stress, which damages eye tissues.
- Have regular eye check-ups: Routine eye exams can detect cataracts and other vision problems early, ensuring timely intervention.
Conclusion
If you are unsure whether your blurry vision is due to normal ageing or cataracts, consulting an eye specialist is the best course of action. A thorough eye examination can determine the cause and recommend the most suitable treatment options. Dr. Looi is a well-reviewed and trusted cataract surgeon, renowned for her expertise while delivering exceptional care and results.
At Ava Eye Clinic, we provide comprehensive eye assessments and cataract treatments tailored to your needs. If you’re experiencing changes in your vision, don’t wait – contact us today to schedule a consultation and take the first step towards clearer vision.